The language of Egypt is Arabic. Its alphabet differs from the western languages, making phonetic transliteration difficult. English is taught to very school child, so you will probably find yourself widely understood. Nevertheless here are some helpful hints.

Basics 
Yes: aywa or nam
No: la
Please: minfadlak (if addressing a man)
minfadlik (if addressing a women)

Thank you: shukran
No thank you: la shukran
Good: Kuwayyis
Bad: mish kuwayyis
Good willing: inshallah

Greetings
Welcome: ahlan wa sahlan
(response) ahlan bik
Hello: (formal) assalaamu aleikum
(response) wa aleikum assalaam

Hello: (informal) saeeda
Good morning: sabah el kheir
Good afternoon: masa el kheir
Goodbye: ma salaama

Calendar
Today: innaharda
Tommorrow: bukra
Yesterday: imbarrih
Day: youm
Week: usbua
Month: shahr
Year: sana
Sunday: you mil ahad
Monday: you mil itnayn
Tuesday: youm it talaat
Wednesday: you mil arbah
Thursday: you mil khamees
Friday: you mil gumah
Saturday: Youm is sabt

Numbers
0: sifr
1: wahad
2: itnayn
3: talaata
4: arbah
5: khamsa
6: sitta
7: sabah
8: tamanya
9: tesah
10: ahshara
11: hidarsha
12: itnarsha
13: talatarsha
14: arbahtarsha
15: khamastarsha
16: sittarsha
17: sabahtarsha
18: tamantarsha
19:  tisahtarsha
20: ahshareen
21: wahad
waahshreen
30: talaateen
100: miyya
500: khamsa miyya
1000: alf

Directions
Where is Hotel? feyn funduk il?
Where is the bank? Feyn il bank?
Where is the bus station? Feyn mahattat il autobees?
Where is the train station?  Feyn mahattat il atr?
Where is the airport? Feyn il mataar?
Where is the restaurant? Feyn il matam?
Where is the toilet? Feyn il twalet?
Left/right/straight ahead: shmiaal/yimeen/alatool

Request and Shopping
There is/is there? Fi/fi?
I (do not) want: (mish) aayiz (if you are male)
(mish) ayza (if you are female)

How much? bekaam?
It is too expensive: da ghaali awi
Bigger/smaller: akbar/asghar

Remarks
I do not understand: ana mish fahem (if you are male)
ana mish fahma (if you are female)

I am tired/unwell: ana taaban (if you are male)
ana taabana (if you are female)

I am (not) married: ana (mish) mitgawwiz (if you are male)
ana (mish) mitgawwiza (if you are female)

Go away: imshee
Never mind: maalesh
Impossible: mish mumkin
Leave me: sebne
Excuse me: laow samat